GETTING STARTED
1. volunteering
activities /ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz/ (n.phr): hoạt động tình nguyện
Let's talk about
volunteering activities when we meet at the library.
2. community
development /kəˈmjuːnɪti dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ (n.phr): trung tâm phát triển cộng đồng
Oh, when you came, I was
volunteering at our local center for community development.
3. by
chance /baɪ - tʃɑːns/ (prep.phr): tình cờ
I met her by chance on
the street.
4. advertisement
/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ (n): quảng cáo
Last summer, while I was
visiting the centre, I saw an advertisement for volunteers.
5. apply
for /əˈplaɪ fɔː/ (v.phr): xin việc
How can Kim apply for
volunteer work at the centre?
6. boost
/buːst/ (v): thúc đẩy
Community service not
only benefits the local area, but can also boost our confidence and help us
learn many useful skills.
7. organise
/ˈɔːgənaɪz/ (v): tổ chức
What are the regular
activities organised by the centre?
8. get
involved /gɛt ɪnˈvɒlvd/ (v.phr): tham gia = join /ʤɔɪn/ = take part in
Oh, there are endless
opportunities for getting involved.
9. clean
up /kli:n ʌp/ (phr.v): dọn dẹp
For example, you can join
a local environmental group to clean up the park once a week or volunteer at an
orphanage.
10. orphanage
/ˈɔːfənɪdʒ/ (n): trại trẻ mồ côi
For example, you can join
a local environmental group to clean up the park once a week or volunteer at an
orphanage.
11. fill
/fɪl/ (v): điền vào
I'll email you the form
and then you just fill it in and send it in.
12. be
so excited about something /biː səʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): hào hứng
với việc gì đó
I'm so excited about
volunteering at the centre.
LANGUAGE
13. keep
a record of /kiːp ə ˈrɛkɔːd ɒv/ (v.phr): lưu giữ hồ sơ
The centre keeps a record
of our donations.
14. watch
something live /wɒʧ ˈsʌmθɪŋ lɪv/ (v.phr): xem trực tiếp
We will record the
charity live show for those who can't watch it live.
15. increase
/ˈɪŋkriːs/ (n): sự tăng trưởng
There was an increase in
house prices last year.
16. visitor
/ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/ (n): du khách
I got this present from a
visitor to our centre.
17. export
/ˈekspɔːt/ (v): xuất khẩu
We need to help local
businesses to export their products.
18. donate
/dəʊˈneɪt/ (v): quyên góp = raise money for charity /reɪz ˈmʌni fɔː ˈʧærɪti/
The purpose of this
charity concert is to donate for our orphanage.
19. generous
/ˈdʒenərəs/ (adj): hào phóng
He was sorting the
donations when he realised how generous people were.
20. charity
/ˈtʃærəti/ (n): từ thiện
He is always willing to
give a lot of money to charity.
21. be
located in /biː ləʊˈkeɪtɪd ɪn/ (v.phr): nằm ở
The school is difficult
to get to because it is located in a faraway area.
22. opportunity
/ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội
There are exciting
volunteering opportunities in our community.
23. civics
class /ˈsɪvɪks klɑːs/ (n.phr): lớp học môn công dân
I was revising for my
civics class when my dad told me about the volunteer job.
24. remote
areas /rɪˈməʊt ˈeərɪəz/ (n.phr): vùng sâu vùng xa
We saw many unhappy
children while we were helping people in remote areas.
25. landslides
/ˈlændslaɪdz/ (n): lở đất
I saw the floods and landslides
in the area.
26. be
searching for /biː ˈsɜːʧɪŋ fɔː/ (v.phr): đang tìm kiếm = be looking for
Tim was searching for
employment opportunities.
27. job
advert /ʤɒb ədˈvɜːt/ (n.phr): quảng cáo việc làm
He found a job advert
from a non-governmental organisation.
READING
28. handmade
items /ˈhændˈmeɪd ˈaɪtəmz/ (n.phr): đồ vật thủ công
One of the most popular
activities of our club is selling handmade items to raise money for the local
orphanage and homeless old people.
29. set
up /set ʌp/ (phr.v): thành lập
The club was formed
fifteen years ago, shortly after the school was set up.
30. flooded
areas /ˈflʌdɪd ˈeərɪəz/ (n.phr): vùng lũ
Last year, we also raised
over one hundred million VND to help people in flooded areas.
31. blanket
/ˈblæŋkɪt/ (n): chăn màn
The money was used to buy
warm clothes, blankets, food, and clean water.
32. unused
notebooks /ʌnˈjuːst ˈnəʊtbʊks/ (n.phr): vở không sử dụng
Our club welcomes
different types of donations: clothes, picture books, unused notebooks, and
other unwanted items.
33. deliver
/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ (v): mang đến
In addition, it offers
other volunteering activities, such as helping at a food bank or delivering
free meals to poor families.
34. sense
of purpose /sɛns ɒv ˈpɜːpəs/ (n.phr): mục đích sống
Volunteering has helped
me gain life experiences and find my sense of purpose in life.
35. suffering
/ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ (n): đau khổ
When I see suffering and
hardships, I feel thankful for what I have.
36. essential
/ɪˈsenʃl/ (adj): cần thiết
What is more, these
activities provide opportunities for me to meet other teenagers with similar
interests and help me build essential life skills.
37. homeless
/ˈhəʊmləs/ (adj): vô gia cư
The money collected from
selling handmade items Is used to build a bad centre for orphans and homeless
old people.
SPEAKING
38. time
management skills /taɪm ˈmænɪʤmənt skɪlz/ (n.phr): kỹ năng quản lý thời gian
Time-management skills
are very necessary for young people.
39. communication
skills /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən skɪlz/ (n.phr): kỹ năng giao tiếp
Having good communication
skills helps us meet interesting people.
40. gain
/ɡeɪn/ (v): đạt được
You gain knowledge by
studying.
41. contact
/ˈkɒntækt/ (v): liên hệ
Please contact me for
more information about the charity event this week .
LISTENING
42. non-profit
organisation /nɒn-ˈprɒfɪt ˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ (n.phr): tổ chức phi lợi nhuận
This non-profit
organisation supports people and communities.
43. training
courses /ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈkɔːsɪz/ (n.phr): các khóa đào tạo
They organise job
training courses for teenagers.
44. experienced
/ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ (adj): có kinh nghiệm
People whose application
is successful will be trained by experienced volunteers.
45. similar
/ˈsɪmələ(r)/ (adj): giống
Your T-shirt is similar
to mine.
46. get
support /gɛt səˈpɔːt/ (v.phr): hỗ trợ
Only poor people can get
support from the City Centre for Community Development.
*Tapescript
- announce /əˈnouns/ (v):
thông báo_announcement /əˈnounsmənt/ (n)
She announced the winner
of the competition to an excited audience.
The spokesperson was
about to make an announcement.
- a
non-profit organisation (n.phr): một tổ chức phi lợi nhuận
We are a non-profit
organisation that helps people in need.
- unbelievable
/ˌʌnbiˈli:vəbl/ (adj): không thể tin được
She eats an unbelievable
amount of food.
- donate
/dəʊˈneɪt/ (v): quyên góp_donation /dəʊˈneɪ.ʃən/ (n)
A businesswoman donated
one million dollars to the charity.
I'd like to make a small
donation in my mother's name.
WRITING
47. be
available for /biː əˈveɪləbl fɔː/ (v.phr): có sẵn
Tell me when you are
available for an interview and can start work.
48. public
announcement /ˈpʌblɪk əˈnaʊnsmənt/ (n.phr): thông
báo công khai
I heard about this
opportunity in a public announcement last Monday.
49. be
interested in something /bi ˈɪntrəstəd ɪn/ (v.phr): quan tâm
I am interested in your
community development projects because I really care about the life of people
in the community and want to offer my services to you.
50. request
/rɪˈkwest/ (v): yêu cầu
I have already filled in
the online application form and sent it in as requested.
51. look
forward to doing something /lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tuː ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): mong muốn
làm gì đó
I look forward to hearing from you.
52. reliable
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/ (adj): đáng tin cậy
Our Heart to Heart
Charitable Organisation needs reliable and hard-working volunteers to work at
our head office.
53. job
duties /ʤɒb ˈdjuːtiz/ (n.phr): nhiệm vụ công việc
54. quality
/ˈkwɒləti/ (n): phẩm chất
What qualities are needed
for the job?
COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
55. cheerful
/ˈtʃɪəfl/ (adj): vui vẻ
She is a cheerful and
friendly girl.
56. confused
/kənˈfjuːzd/ (adj): bối rối
This difficult question
makes me confused about my own answer.
57. be
preparing for something /biː prɪˈpeərɪŋ fɔː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (v.phr): chuẩn bị cho việc
gì đó
Now we are preparing for
our next volunteer trip in the summer.
58. appreciate
/əˈpriːʃieɪt/ (v): đánh giá
I highly appreciate this
performance.
59. grateful
/ˈɡreɪtfl/ (adj): biết ơn
I'm so grateful for your
help.
60. practical
/ˈpræktɪkl/ (adj): thực tế
It provides practical
support in different areas.
61. focus
on /ˈfəʊkəs ɒn/ (v.phr): chú trọng vào
One of the areas that the
organisation particularly focuses on is education.
62. digital
technology /ˈdɪʤɪtl tɛkˈnɒləʤi/ (n.phr): công nghệ kỹ thuật số
It has organised
different training courses to help teachers improve their teaching skills and
use digital technology in their classrooms.
63. life-saving
skills /ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ skɪlz/ (n.phr): kỹ năng cứu người
In addition, the
organisation offers training on life-saving skills for both teachers and
students in case of disasters.
LOOKING BACK
64. import
/ˈɪmpɔːt/ (v): nhập khẩu
We still import too many
products that can be made in our country.
65. crave
/kreɪv/ (v): khao khát
Every mammal craves
affection, and your cat is no different.
66. poverty
/ˈpɒvəti/ (n): sự nghèo đói
Kim noticed the poverty
of the area while she was delivering free meals to old people.
PROJECT
67. aim
/eɪm/ (v): mục tiêu
What are the aims of the
project?
68. carry
out /'kæri 'aut/ (phr.v): thực hiện
Where is it carried out?
GRAMMAR
The past simple vs. the past continuous
with when and while
(Thì quá khứ đơn và thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
với when và while)
- Thì
quá khứ tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ còn
thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động chen ngang vào, làm gián đoạn hành động
đang xảy ra. Khi sử dụng hai thì cùng nhau trong câu ta thường dùng với when và while.
- When và while
đều có thể đi với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Tuy nhiên, nếu mệnh đề chia thì
quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ dùng when, không dùng while.
- Ví
dụ:
– She was washing the dishes when her parents
came back home. (Hành động đang diễn ra là washing the dishes - dùng thì
quá khứ tiếp diễn và hành động chen ngang là came back - dùng thì quá khứ đơn.)
– While they were having dinner, the telephone
rang. (Hành động đang diễn ra là having dinner - dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
và hành động chen ngang là rang - dùng thì quá khứ đơn.)
– My aunt came when we were having
dinner. (Hành động đang diễn ra là having dinner - dùng thì quá khứ tiếp
diễn và hành động chen ngang là came - dùng thì quá khứ đơn.)
* Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với while và when
a. While
- While dùng
để diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra song song đồng thời trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
– My mother was preparing dinner while my father
was watching TV.
– While my brother was playing video games, my
sister was listening to music..
- While còn
được dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra, kéo dài trong một khoảng
thời gian trong quá khứ thì hành động khác chen ngang.
Ví dụ:
– My mother came while I was playing games.
– While she was talking to us, her baby cried.
b. When
When được dùng
khi diễn tả một hành động khác xảy ra trong một thời gian ngắn thì hành động
khác chen ngang ngay lập tức.
Ví dụ:
– He turned off the light when I was writing the
report.
– My aunt came when we were having dinner.
* Sự giống và khác nhau của while và when trong
thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
a. Giống nhau
- Cùng
diễn đạt một sự việc đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì hành động khác chen
ngang.
- Có
thể đứng đầu hoặc đứng giữa nối hai mệnh đề độc lập và phụ thuộc. Nếu đứng
ở đầu câu, trước when / while cần có dấu phẩy để phân
tách mệnh đề.
Ví dụ:
– When the baby was crying, she hugged him.
– They decided to cancel their meeting while they
were coming back to the office.
b. Khác nhau
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với while và when khác
nhau ở điểm:
- while chỉ
hành động xảy ra được một khoảng thời gian tương đối dài
- when chỉ
hành động xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian ngắn.
Ví dụ:
– While I was reading a book, the telephone rang. (1)
– When I was reading a book, the telephone rang. (2)
Câu (1) mang nét nghĩa: khi tôi đang đọc sách trong một
khoảng thời gian tương đối dài rồi thì điện thoại mới reo. Còn câu (2) mang
nghĩa: tôi vừa mới đọc sách được một vài phút thì điện thoại reo.