Tài liệu ôn tập Học kì 2 - Tiếng Anh 10 Pearson (Phần Ngữ pháp)

PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT

Unit 6:

Passive voice with modals

Active voice	Passive voice
S + Modals + V + O	S(O) + Modals + be + V3 / Ved + (by O)

Active: Our English teacher may give a test today.

Passive: A test may be given by our English teacher today.

Unit 7:

Comparatives and superlatives

1. Comparatives (So sánh hơn)

Tính từ ngắn (1 âm tiết hoặc kết thúc bằng -y):

➤ Adj + -er + than
Ví dụ: tall → taller than, happy → happier than

Tính từ dài (≥ 2 âm tiết, không kết thúc bằng -y):

➤ More + adj + than
Ví dụ: beautiful → more beautiful than

Một số bất quy tắc:

Tính từ gốc	So sánh hơn
good	better than
bad	worse than
far	farther/further than

2. Superlatives (So sánh nhất)

Dùng để so sánh một đối tượng với nhóm/tập thể.

Cấu trúc:

Tính từ ngắn:

➤ The + adj + -est
Ví dụ: small → the smallest

Tính từ dài:

➤ The most + adj
Ví dụ: expensive → the most expensive

Một số bất quy tắc:

Tính từ gốc	So sánh nhất
good	the best
bad	the worst
far	the farthest/furthest

Ghi chú:

• Với tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm – nguyên âm – phụ âm: gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm -er/-est
  ➤ big → bigger → the biggest
• Với tính từ kết thúc bằng -y, đổi y → i rồi thêm -er/-est
  ➤ happy → happier → the happiest

Unit 8:

Relative clauses (defining and non-defining)

1. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

→ Dùng để mô tả hoặc cung cấp thêm thông tin về một danh từ trong câu.

A. Defining Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

Chức năng: Cung cấp thông tin cần thiết để xác định người/vật được nói đến.

Không có dấu phẩy (,). Nếu bỏ đi thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa.

Đại từ quan hệ thường dùng:

Đại từ	Dùng cho	Ví dụ
who	người	The girl who is talking is my sister.
which	vật	The book which is on the table is mine.
that	người/vật	The car that he bought is expensive.
where	nơi chốn	The school where I studied is far away.
when	thời gian	The day when we met was special.

B. Non-defining Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)

Chức năng: Cung cấp thông tin thêm (không bắt buộc), chỉ mang tính bổ sung.

Luôn có dấu phẩy (,), nếu bỏ đi → câu vẫn rõ nghĩa, không dùng “that” trong mệnh đề này.

Ví dụ:

• My father, who is 60, still plays tennis.
• Paris, which is the capital of France, is beautiful.
• Mr. Brown, whom we met yesterday, is a writer.

Lưu ý:

Trong non-defining clauses, không bao giờ dùng "that".

Không lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong non-defining clauses.

Unit 9:

Reported speech (statements and questions)

1. Reported Speech là gì?

Reported Speech (Câu tường thuật) là cách thuật lại lời nói của người khác. Khi chuyển từ Direct Speech (lời nói trực tiếp) sang Reported Speech, cần thay đổi:

1. Thì (tense)

2. Đại từ (pronouns)

3. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (time/place expressions)

2. Câu trần thuật (Statements)

A. Cấu trúc

S + said (that) / told sb (that) + S + V (lùi thì)

✓ Direct: She said, "I am tired."
➤ Reported: She said that she was tired.

✓ Direct: He told me, "I will call you tomorrow."
➤ Reported: He told me that he would call me the next day.

B. Bảng lùi thì trong Reported Speech

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present simple	→ Past simple
Present continuous	→ Past continuous
Present perfect	→ Past perfect
Past simple	→ Past perfect
Will	→ Would
Can	→ Could
May	→ Might
Must	→ Had to

C. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian/nơi chốn

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day
yesterday	the day before
here	there
this	that
these	those

3. Câu hỏi (Questions)

Có 2 loại câu hỏi:

a. Yes/No questions

→ Dùng: ask if / whether

Cấu trúc: S + asked (sb) if/whether + S + V (lùi thì)

✓ Direct: She asked, "Are you a student?"
➤ Reported: She asked if I was a student.

b. Wh- questions (What, Where, When, Why, How, Who...)

Cấu trúc: S + asked (sb) + Wh-word + S + V (lùi thì)

✓ Direct: He asked, "Where do you live?"
➤ Reported: He asked where I lived.

✓ Direct: She asked, "Why are you crying?"
➤ Reported: She asked why I was crying.

Lưu ý khi chuyển câu hỏi:

• Không dùng trợ động từ như do/does/did trong câu tường thuật.
• Đổi trật tự từ thành câu trần thuật: Chủ ngữ + Động từ.
• Không dùng dấu hỏi (?) trong câu tường thuật.

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PHẦN BÀI TẬP

Unit 6: Passive Voice with Modals

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang dạng bị động (Passive Voice).

1. You should clean this room every day.
   →
2. They might build a new bridge here.
   →
3. We must finish the project on time.
   →
4. Someone will steal your bike if you leave it unlocked.
   → Your bike
5. The teacher may cancel the class today.
   → The class

Unit 7: Comparatives and Superlatives

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất.

1. This car is ________ than my old one.

   A. fast
   B. faster
   C. the fastest
   D. more fast

2. She is ________ student in the class.

   A. intelligent
   B. more intelligent
   C. the most intelligent
   D. intelligenter

3. I think this plan is ________ than the previous one.

   A. good
   B. the best
   C. better
   D. more good

4. What is ________ river in Vietnam?

   A. long
   B. the longest
   C. longer
   D. more long

5. His performance was ________ than expected.

   A. bad
   B. the worst
   C. worse
   D. badly

Bài 3: Điền dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc (so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh nhất).

1. This exercise is ________ (easy) than the last one.
2. Summer is ________ (hot) season of the year.
3. He is much ________ (tall) than his brother.
4. That was ________ (delicious) meal I've ever had.
5. Travelling by train is often ________ (expensive) than travelling by bus.

Unit 8: Relative Clauses

Bài 4: Chọn đại từ quan hệ (who, which, that, where, when) phù hợp. (Lưu ý: "that" có thể dùng thay cho "who" hoặc "which" trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định).

1. The coffee shop ________ we usually meet is closed today.

   A. who
   B. which
   C. where
   D. when

2. Do you know the boy ________ is sitting over there?

   A. which
   B. who
   C. where
   D. when

3. I lost the watch ________ my parents gave me for my birthday.

   A. who
   B. which
   C. where
   D. when

4. Sunday is the day ________ most people rest.

   A. who
   B. which
   C. where
   D. when

5. My sister, ________ lives in Paris, is a fashion designer.

   A. that
   B. who
   C. which
   D. where

Bài 5: Kết hợp các cặp câu sau sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ dùng đại từ đã cho trong tài liệu.

1. The girl speaks fluent French. She sat next to me. (who)
   →
2. This is the book. I borrowed it from the library. (which/that)
   →
3. We visited the city. My father grew up there. (where)
   →
4. I'll never forget the time. I first saw that movie then. (when)
   →
5. The car is very economical. He bought it last year. (which/that)
   →

Unit 9: Reported Speech

Bài 6: Chọn câu tường thuật đúng nhất.

1. John said, "I work in a bank."

   A. John said that I work in a bank.
   B. John said that he works in a bank.
   C. John said that he worked in a bank.
   D. John said that I worked in a bank.

2. She asked me, "Are you tired?"

   A. She asked me if I am tired.
   B. She asked me are you tired.
   C. She asked me if I was tired.
   D. She asked me am I tired.

3. He told her, "I will call you tomorrow."

   A. He told her that he will call her tomorrow.
   B. He told her that he would call her tomorrow.
   C. He told her that he would call her the next day.
   D. He told her that I would call you the next day.

4. They asked, "Where does she live?"

   A. They asked where does she live.
   B. They asked where she lives.
   C. They asked where did she live.
   D. They asked where she lived.

Bài 7: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu tường thuật (Reported Speech).

1. She said, "I am reading a book now."
   → She said that
2. He asked me, "Do you like this song?"
   → He asked me if/whether
3. They said, "We finished our homework yesterday."
   → They said that
4. My teacher asked, "Why are you late today?"
   → My teacher asked
5. He said, "I must go to the bank."
   → He said that

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ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP

Unit 6: Passive Voice with Modals

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang dạng bị động (Passive Voice).

1. You should clean this room every day.
   → This room should be cleaned (by you) every day.
2. They might build a new bridge here.
   → A new bridge might be built here (by them).
3. We must finish the project on time.
   → The project must be finished on time (by us).
4. Someone will steal your bike if you leave it unlocked.
   → Your bike will be stolen (by someone) if you leave it unlocked.
5. The teacher may cancel the class today.
   → The class may be cancelled/canceled by the teacher today.

Unit 7: Comparatives and Superlatives

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất.

1. This car is ________ than my old one.
   B. faster
2. She is ________ student in the class.
   C. the most intelligent
3. I think this plan is ________ than the previous one.
   C. better
4. What is ________ river in Vietnam?
   B. the longest
5. His performance was ________ than expected.
   C. worse

Bài 3: Điền dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc (so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh nhất).

1. This exercise is easier (easy) than the last one.
2. Summer is the hottest (hot) season of the year.
3. He is much taller (tall) than his brother.
4. That was the most delicious (delicious) meal I've ever had.
5. Travelling by train is often more expensive (expensive) than travelling by bus.

Unit 8: Relative Clauses

Bài 4: Chọn đại từ quan hệ (who, which, that, where, when) phù hợp.

1. The coffee shop ________ we usually meet is closed today.
   C. where
2. Do you know the boy ________ is sitting over there?
   B. who (hoặc that)
3. I lost the watch ________ my parents gave me for my birthday.
   B. which (hoặc that)
4. Sunday is the day ________ most people rest.
   D. when
5. My sister, ________ lives in Paris, is a fashion designer. (Lưu ý dấu phẩy)
   B. who (Không dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định)

Bài 5: Kết hợp các cặp câu sau sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ dùng đại từ đã cho trong tài liệu.

1. The girl speaks fluent French. She sat next to me. (who)
   → The girl who sat next to me speaks fluent French. (Hoặc: The girl who speaks fluent French sat next to me.)
2. This is the book. I borrowed it from the library. (which/that)
   → This is the book which/that I borrowed from the library.
3. We visited the city. My father grew up there. (where)
   → We visited the city where my father grew up.
4. I'll never forget the time. I first saw that movie then. (when)
   → I'll never forget the time when I first saw that movie.
5. The car is very economical. He bought it last year. (which/that)
   → The car which/that he bought last year is very economical.

Unit 9: Reported Speech

Bài 6: Chọn câu tường thuật đúng nhất.

1. John said, "I work in a bank."
   C. John said that he worked in a bank.
2. She asked me, "Are you tired?"
   C. She asked me if I was tired.
3. He told her, "I will call you tomorrow."
   C. He told her that he would call her the next day.
4. They asked, "Where does she live?"
   D. They asked where she lived.

Bài 7: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu tường thuật (Reported Speech).

1. She said, "I am reading a book now."
   → She said that she was reading a book then.
2. He asked me, "Do you like this song?"
   → He asked me if/whether I liked that song.
3. They said, "We finished our homework yesterday."
   → They said that they had finished their homework the day before.
4. My teacher asked, "Why are you late today?"
   → My teacher asked why I was late that day. (Giả định 'you' là người tường thuật)
5. He said, "I must go to the bank."
   → He said that he had to go to the bank.